Paper Mononucleosis free essay sample

Albeit irresistible mononucleosis can be brought about by different infections, the most widely recognized method of transmission is through natural liquids particularly salivation, however can likewise be spread through semen and blood during sexual contact, organ transplants and blood transfusions. As per our course reading Community/Public Health Nursing Practice (2013), indications are fever, weakness, broadened lymph hubs, sore throat, discomfort, now and again extended liver and spleen. The hatching time frame before you would begin to show these side effects would be 4-6 weeks.Infectious Mononucleosis doesn't eave any significant entanglements that accompany the infection. You may get some auxiliary diseases, for example, a sinus contamination and strep throat. The main significant complexity that can occur yet is uncommon is gloomy break, which can happen 4 days to 3 weeks after you started to have side effects. Any individual that is determined to have irresistible mononucleosis ought to maintain a strategic distance from any incredible movement or physical game for at least one month to forestall sulky break, since it could be swollen from the disease. We will compose a custom exposition test on Paper Mononucleosis or then again any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Because of irresistible mononucleosis being an infection there is no medicine or antiviral medication you can take to make it o away. Some of the time individuals might be endorsed a steroid to help with tonsil growing however as a rule side effects will resolve all alone inside a couple of months. The best treatment a patient could accomplish for themselves is take averse for fevers, get heaps of rest, drink bunches of water, take a pain relieving if youre having any agony, keep away from physical games, and fiery exercises. The meaning Of determinants Of wellbeing incorporate elements that impact the strength of a populace or individual.How these determinants can add to an advancement of a sickness is by the people wellbeing practices, social and insane situations and access to human services. Wellbeing practices, for example, kissing somebody with mono or with obscure mono can taint you and furthermore by having unprotected sex with that contaminated individual too. By having mediations that can adjust wellbeing determinants it can prompt improved wellbeing status and decrease or disposal of wellbeing difference s among populaces and networks. Examining the transmittable ailment requires the utilization of an epidemiological triangle. A portion of the variables you may find in this triangle are have factors, specialist factors and ecological elements. Any adjustment in any of these variables gets an opportunity of changing the parity of wellbeing. How the host factors work with irresistible mononucleosis it that requiring a host cell from a human that is normally is an adolescent or youthful grown-up. Irresistible mononucleosis doesn't victimize sex, foundation, race, conjugal status, religion, instruction and monetary status. There are no hereditary hazard factors with mononucleosis it is an irresistible disease.The anatomical site with irresistible mononucleosis is generally swollen and red tonsils, yet you may likewise have the option to feel extended lymph hubs in your neck, ND on the off chance that it is continuing for some time you may even have the option to feel an expanded spleen. On the off chance that you have irresistible mononucleosis you will consistently convey the infection that caused it, however when you get over mono you are profoundly improbable to ever get mono again. Via conveying the infection it might get dynamic now and again, which is viewed as dynamic resistance, however it won't be joined by any side effects, yet when its dynamic it is infectious to others.With irresistible mononucleosis you can get tonsillitis, the lymphoid tissues in the rear of the mouth typically help to sift through microorganisms yet when the tonsils are tainted the homeopathic framework can't channel the microscopic organisms like it regularly should. For irresistible mononucleosis there is no aloof resistance, you can be a vulnerable host to get irresistible mononucleosis. On the off chance that you have irresistible mononucleosis it is imperative to keep up a decent eating routine, and drink loads of water to remain hydrated. In any case, note that you dont need to do any overwhelming action or physical game to do a potentially amplified spleen.It is additionally prescribed to not have any sexual contact or kissing your accomplice who has irresistible mononucleosis since it tends to be spread through this way. It is k for you as the patient to deal with their own food, however would not set anyone up elses food since it very well may be spread through spit, and you could unintentional wheeze while cooking and taint somebody. A portion of the operator factors that you will see with irresistible mononucleosis is that it is an infection and its basic method of transmission is through saliva.The harmful factor of irresistible mononucleosis is the inactive disease of the B lymphocytes, it contaminates the a lymphocytes in lymphatic tissue and blood, in light of the contamination to the B cells can cause dormant disease, animate beneficiary development, or immobilizers cells, as expressed by (Brendan, 2014). As with respect to irresistible mononucleosis determination there are actually no ecological elements that cause this. There are numerous jobs a network wellbeing medical attendant face when managing a transmittable disease.The medical caretaker can help the network by attempting to cause them to comprehend the transferable sickness by furnishing them with training and mediating varying. As the network nurture it would be their business to observation the transmittable ailment which incorporates deliberate assortment and investigation of information with respect to the transferable sickness. The essential avoidance is forestall the event of the transferable ailment, instruct the patients and open who are at high danger of coming down with the transmittable illness and how to forestall getting the transferable infection and approaches to dispose of hazard factors for presentation. Optional anticipation would be expanding early location by screening patients who may have interacted with the transferable malady, allude associated cases with a transmittable illness for symptomatic affirmation. Tertiary counteraction is decline complexities because of the transmittable ailment through appropriate treatment, screen treatment embroil, and forestall reinsertion. State laws command which transmittable illnesses must be accounted for to the CDC, irresistible mononucleosis isn't One Of the transferable sicknesses that should be accounted for to the province of Wisconsin.Because of this you won't discover a lot of deliberate assortment and investigation of irresistible mononucleosis. There typically is no subsequent required from the network nurture for irresistible mononucleosis. One association that tends to irresistible mono sclerosis is the World Health Organization (WHO). The World Health Organization moves in the direction of diminishing transmittable infections in populaces that have en influenced by philanthropic crises.

The Science Behind The Desalination Process Environmental Sciences Essay

Desalination is the system of taking salt from salty H2O to do it appropriate for guzzling or for use by businesses that require extremely unadulterated H2O. ( Water Corporation Australia, 2011 ) Desalination workss are regularly situated close to the ocean or sea as most desalinization workss get the salty H2O from the ocean and sea. There are numerous methods of taking the salt from H2O however the central 3 methodology are: Electrodialysis, Thermal distillment and Reverse assimilation. Electrodialysis Salts broke down in H2O are ionic which mean they can be either be emphatically charged particles or contrarily charged particles. At the point when an electrical charged is gone through the H2O so â€Å" opposites are drawn toward each other † happens the salt particles will go toward the antonym charged for outline a decidedly charged salt particle will go toward a negative charge, a contrarily charged salt particle will go toward the emphatically charge. When the salt particles have move towards the antonym charged you will hold isolated salt from H2O. A layer is utilized to separate the sanitized H2O and salt particles. Warm distillment The methodology where salt H2O from the ocean or sea is warmed to deliver steam, so the steam will be dense on a virus surface and H2O will be deserted. Rearward Osmosis Rearward Osmosis is utilizes a truly elevated power for each unit territory and an actually OK film to move up the new H2O from the salty H2O. The film resembles a sifter it has openings on the sifter which the gaps are only little bounty to let H2O eyeglasss go through yet non permit salt eyeglasss and different drosss to experience however the layer Electrodialysis Rearward OsmosisBenefitsThe advantages of desalinization are that you can simple happen the asset, 97 % of the H2O is in sea and ocean and the entirety of that is salt H2O which implies that organizations and authoritiess can develop desalinization workss and can be sure that the desalinization works will obtain an immutable gracefully of H2O. For outline a Government chooses to develop a desalinization works and they find the works simply seaward from the significant city, they have a channel associated with the significant city and they turn the desalinization takes a shot at H2O is presently being separated by the system opposite assimilation out of nowhere you have just made another extremely supportable H2O gracefully for you city and you have decreased the whole of H2O that should be removed from the main stream. Another advantage of building a desalinization works is that the H2O is other than truly clean after the separating and does non require outside outsider purging which stream H2O does. At the point when the desalinization works completed the technique of filtrating out the salt from the seawater the H2O is extremely unadulterated so it does non require to go through additional purifying, the sifted H2O from the desalinization works may just require Cl to be added to the H2O and it would be totally consumable and perfect and unadulterated and it would be more cost efficacious simply to make all the method, filtrating salt thus adding Cl to separated H2O all in the one desalinization works. Another advantage is that desalinization is more â€Å" socially † acknowledged than gushing reusing ( Which is H2O from latrines, cloacas and so on ) authoritiess would be substantially more effective looking to offer desalinization to the people than trying to sell reused H2O from your lavatories.DisadvantagesDesalination workss are extremely wasteful and explore recommend that if a desalinization works siphons in 500million liters of H2O thus filtrate that 500litres so 250million liters would be unadulterated H2O and the other 250million liters would be salt and drosss which so is siphoned once more into ocean or sea simply work being that salt and drosss is double the dressed metal of salt than seawater which implies when the accompanying weight of H2O comes in it will be more focused than the weight before which mean the desalinization it would be more salt than H2O so the proficiency of the desalinization workss goes down significantly more. Another drawback of a desalinization works is that it utilizes a clump of vitality to control the works which implies that it is devouring our vitality assets which is as of now on a strain so in a general sense they are looking to fix the H2O emergency yet making more predicament for the nursery impacts and planetary warming issue. Yet, being run on power is another issue what occurs in the event that they city out of nowhere had a dark out, despite the fact that the desalinization works may hold reinforcement generators they wo n't have the option to save a force for a works each piece enormous as a desalinization works, so in the event that we had a force power outage would that normal portion of the city H2O gracefully is gone or on the off chance that we depend altogether on the desalinization works it would expect that the entire city H2O flexibly is gone which would be extremely inconvenient for the city. Another disservice is that â€Å" nil is flawless † no undertaking how immaculate the building is it non sharpen and if something out of nowhere goes off base say in rearward assimilation the film is exorbitantly enormous and salt and drosss figure out how to experience through it would non just jeopardize the tenant of city its gracefully H2O however aim a group of individuals to be sick or even dices.Social impacts of desalinizationPeoples can in any case be truly doubting about guzzling H2O from the ocean or sea despite the fact that researcher and applied researchers of the desalinization works says the H2O is completely sheltered, there is ever on the dorsum of your head, imagine a scenario in which some went off base and they H2O is non entirely unadulterated. Okay want to give that H2O to your children, your angel, and your matured guardians? With desalinization there is ever that imagined that it is non entirely spotless, it ‘s genuinely salt H2O sifted a pair of clasp to procure unadulterated H2O. Which is turn influences us socially on the grounds that that it ever venturing out to be a troublesome sell for authoritiess to state to their tenants that this H2O is completely clean.Economic impacts of desalinizationDesalination workss are extremely costly and they cash needs to originate from somewhere so income improvement remunerators wind up paying for the desalinization works which clearly makes it even a harder sell for authoritiess, presently non only you have a H2O gracefully which is less reliable and conceiv able less unadulterated than new waterway H2O you need to pay for this less trustworthy and less unadulterated start of H2O. They H2O estimates will hold to go up each piece great non simply will they charged a duty to pay for the desalinization works they will do you pay abundance to appropriations the expense of running the works ( Electricity, paying staff and so forth )Environmental impacts of desalinizationWhen you fabricate a desalinization works only of shore you other than could perchance intrude on the characteristic home ground of certain vitalize creatures like fish or they would hold to clear land and which implies they will disregard specific sorts of makes out of their regular home ground which is non perfect, you slaughtering of species and harming the land. As referenced before desalinization workss utilize a bunch of influence so it will expend petroleum derivatives and include the turning occupation of nurseries gas and planetary warming and C transmissions as good .DecisionDesalination is an extremely plausible and practical answer for H2O heading, it can work out the H2O emergency by and by is appear as though desalinization is the best exchange answer for H2O in many major metropoliss around the word as it simpler open building is rather full grown drawback being its extremely wasteful and cost a cluster of cash and uses a group of intensity. Yet, their perhaps better or each piece great arrangement out at that place rather than desalinization like waste/storm H2O reusing which is an adequate way of providing an auxiliary H2O flexibly however with cultural impacts which individuals non wishing the reality they are re soaking up their latrine H2O. An increasingly achievable arrangement perhaps is water procuring in which people can move up water and use it for their interest which major cultural or practical influence just occupation being that you can genuinely simply gather water when it rains henceforth is terrible wasteful and non trustw orthy. So in expressing the entirety of that, Desalination is the best method to work out our H2O emergency.

Supporting Career Women

Rescuing Sisterhood: Supporting Career Women and the Labor Market: the connection becomes more grounded, by Susan Shank looks at ladies and the rise of their connection to the work advertise. This article investigates the work showcase changes of ladies between the ages 25 and 54. Changes with these ages started all through the post-World War II period and the pace of increment quickened in the mid-1960's (Shank, 1988). The creator connects the fast changes to different social and financial changes that have happened in the United States.Historically ladies remained at home for the enormous piece of their childbearing years, owever during the principal world war ladies entered the workforce after the GI's profits ladies centered more around customary family obligations. After the Second World War unquestionably more ladies entered the workforce and even upon the arrival of the troopers kept on remaining in the workforce and those that left before long came back to work a couple of ye ars after the fact. As indicated by age ladies in the 45 to 54 lead the arrival to work after war period. Rates for the 34 to 44 age bunch expanded too while 25 to 34 age bunch barely changed at all.These were the after war time of increased birth rates years and most wedded ladies orking outside the work power as a result of their youngster and family duties (Shank, 1988). In 1960 ladies of childbearing in enormous number numbers started to enter the work showcase. The spike in ladies workforce members indicated an extremely sharp decrease in birth rate during this timespan also. Ladies started to show more noteworthy enthusiasm for instruction and work as time progress and deferred conventional familial standards. Dark ladies had an a lot higher pace of action in the workforce after war than that of white women.The hole has from that point forward limited by 1987 the rates for the two whites and dark ladies were comparative. Hispanic ladies anyway were substantially less likely th an dark or white ladies to be separated of the workforce because of high birth rate, for the most part low instructive achievement, and social jobs that underscore ladies' home and family jobs. Ladies who where hitched remained outside the workforce any longer than those that were single particularly with the rise of separation and single ladies pregnancies. In 1987, 79 percent of ladies younger than 18 were in the work power contrasted with 67 percent for ladies with youngsters (Shank, 1988).Working ladies by and large were working all day hours 35 hours or more for every week, to help beneficiary families intentionally while just 17 percent worked low maintenance. Sixty-eight percent of ladies 25 to 54 labored for an entire year and an extra 10 percent worked 40 to 49 weeks (Shank, 1988). The article written in 1988 states that there will be a future spike in ladies' interest in the workforce throughout the following decade is relied upon to build 10 rate focuses. I feel this arti cle is a precise image of how I see the work power nas changed and the image ot ladies today.Women nave become progressively engaged with the workforce, bill paying, just as family the executives. This article intrigues me as far as vocation and ladies on the grounds that my better half is the single working lady. From an individual point of view ladies arranging a wedding and take an interest in pre marriage mentoring, may attempt to look at and resolve a portion of their sentiments about work and â€Å"women's work†. Their accomplice may have some increasingly conventional perspectives about work while she love it and wind up overwhelmed by the high of a quick paced very full life.I perceive the strain of extending oneself excessively slender and making sense of how to oversee wedded life, the parity of spousal needs and her routine eelings of her free self. Contentions have kept down enhancements for preparing new instructors and advancement of treatment precise treatment methodology. So as to investigate treatment conventions, the discussion must be routed to help approve the proposals of the effect of moms' work on family connections. These comprise of investigating the models advancement of the assignment, and viably figuring out how to execute responsibility for functioning profession mothers'.The writing based discussion demonstrates how worries in family connections elements a be settled among home and work time, for full-time or low maintenance working moms. Today, working moms indications of ordinariness are developed in a wide assortment of ways as saw by other directing associates, officials, and the media. These standards serve to show what can be viewed as the channel of correspondence for mother's appearance of her veritable character in the American culture.The Journal article read for this task identified with profession moms, is entitled, â€Å"The effect of moms' work on family relationships† and was fixated on my own way of l ife. The examination was directed by South Bank University as a subjective contextual analysis of moms working in a bookkeeping firm in both in the medical clinic and in the bookkeeping firm setting, in the London region. The meetings for the contextual analysis were finished in 2001 using 37 moms and 30 dads in couples who had in any event one pre-school age child.The data gathered from the examination uncovered astonishing outcomes from the moms, just as, the dads viewpoint. The contextual investigation concentrated on certain featured regions, for example, how worries in family connections could emerge as much from the nature of time confined at work by moms just as the measure of time they spent at work (accentuation included). During the meeting procedure moms and fathers were met independently, so as to pick up ‘her' and ‘his' viewpoint on the connections, (Callender, Edward, Reynolds, 2003).The example contained a spread of moms working all day or low maintenance in both the work environments, and across higher, middle of the road and lower status Jobs in the two associations. Most of the dads were utilized full-time. The investigation uncovered fascinating realities with regards to reference to the elements of home and work time for moms. The contextual investigation concentrated for the most part on the administration of moms work time versus the measure of time they spend at work. Family-accommodating arrangements and adaptable working practices were the key segments, as they affect family life.More center was given to the degree of independence and control that moms involvement with the working environment. The article expressed that emergency clinic moms in higher status Jobs were seen as having low â€Å"time sway' due to an expanded accentuation on administrative jobs (Callender, Edward, Reynolds, 2003). It additionally states, on the other hand, that in a regressed hierarchical structure, moms in lower tatus Jobs in the bookkeeping firm would in general consider themselves to be having elevated levels of time sway (Callender, Edward, Reynolds, 2003).These are key worries from the contextual analysis that businesses may consider tending to later on (Callender, Edward, Reynolds, 2003). The most fascinating realities, uncovered from the contextual analysis, were the dads point of view of the effect moms working and family relationship. An enormous segment of fathers built up that it was valuable and improving to their relationship. Different characteristics that improved a few connections were the thankfulness nd acknowledgment that empowered their accomplices to communicate various parts of her identity.This finding was amazing on the grounds that the positive reaction recognized the way that moms are valued and regarded for helping their accomplices monetarily just as with raising a family. The dads likewise gave a fantastic affirmation that moms are acceptable accomplices just as being ‘good' moms. Fathe rs likewise communicated and perceived that the nature of the mother-kid relationship upgrades the kid's capacity to create helpful aptitudes, and to furnish them with an ositive good example (Callender, Edward, Reynolds, 2003).In difference, a few dads were not pleased or strong of their accomplice's Job. A couple of fathers had blended emotions or communicated a negative response since enough time was not being committed to the family (Callender, Edward, Reynolds, 2003). The dads communicated that the requests of the mother's remaining burden, and not having the option to address the youngsters' issues totally, caused extraordinary strain in the family unit (Callender, Edward, Reynolds, 2003). Actually, the decision of a subjective report to do the examination was very informative.Utilizing 37 moms and 30 dads, with at any rate one pre-school kid, was an even factual preferred position in the exploration of the contextual analysis. Ladies' commitment in the workforce has direct to the investigation of vocation yearnings of ladies. Profession desires are affected by elements, for example, sexual orientation, financial status, race, parent occupation and training level, and parental desires. Ladies have gotten continuously increasingly occupied with the workforce, and salaried work of ladies has moved from incompletely customary female-arranged Jobs to more non-conventional, all the more once male-situated careers.This investigation of writing presents an impression of ladies' commitment in the workforce and the advancement of ladies' vocation improvement and profession yearnings in the last 50% of the twentieth century. Regardless of their expanding numbers, ladies have would in general enter the workforce in lower-status, lower-paying Jobs, and stay grouped in a set number of customary vocations (Tinklin, Croxford, Ducklin, and Frame, 2005). Since ladies' profession decisions were limited, their income lingered behind their male partners with practically ide ntical training and experience (Farmer, 1985; Stephenson Surge).Income profit have been found to increment with instructive level and years utilized (Day ; Newburger, 2002). Be that as it may, ladies earned around 66% the pay of their male partners. This error in salary was halfway ascribed to the dissimilarity between customarily male and generally female occupations. For instance, ladies are less inclined to be utilized in science or designing Jobs, as t

Proposal for Inventory System Essay

In today’s worldwide world, access to fundamental and quality human services is critical and basic so as to have a decent and solid life. Considering this, entrance to quality and moderate medications is a fundamental crude material in improving great and quality human services. It is in this manner vital and imperative to guarantee that patients can without much of a stretch gain admittance to quality, un-lapsed and reasonable medications for the treatment of their infections and ailments. In particular the proficiency with which these administrations are done can go far to spare lives and enhance the wellbeing status of people. Medisol Pharmaceutical Company Limited is a private retail pharmaceutical organization set up in Ghana and their fundamental center is to consistently sell pharmaceuticals, healthy skin items, child care items and beauty care products to its clients. The organization puts forth consistent attempts to augment client’s fulfillment by giving great client support and furthermore dividing their market in order to empower clients have simple access to their business outlets. The organization has its administrative center at Kanda and two different branches at west legon and kasowa individually with their principle target bunches being the overall population. Medisol Pharmaceutical Company ltd. has two significant offices in particular the Finance/Administrative Department and the Retail Department which are straightforwardly under the oversight of the CEO. The organization has numerical staff quality of five (5) involving a CEO, an administrator drug specialist, drug specialist, a bookkeeper and a medication counter associate. The following is an organogram of Medisol Pharmaceutical organization ltd. The Finance/Administrative office which is going by the bookkeeper handles mostly the money related and regulatory errands of the organization. The company’s Retail Department fills in as a contact among Medisol and its clients and is going by the Medicine Counter Assistant. The primary duties of this division are to deal with the retail stock, offer things to clients and submit week after week reports to the CEO. Medisol’s tasks are exclusively manual; as our group got to the organization we were special to address the leader of the retail division who disclosed altogether to us how the manual procedure happens. The procedure begins with stock buy where the medication counter right hand makes a rundown of every required thing to be purchased. This rundown is sent to their wholesalers for conveyance of the things. Upon conveyance, the things are crossed checked with the request list made and a business receipt is then given to Medisol which is then documented in a buying record. Things to be sold are orchestrated on racks with sticker prices on every thing. Subtleties of things sold are recorded in a business book. Retail stocks are taken multiple times in a month and the procedure utilized is as per the following; - Drugs on the racks are tallied and the amount is crossed checked with the business receipt kept in the buy file(which shows amount of things purchased ), this is done to know the amount of things sold - The amount of sold things is then crossed checked from the business books to additionally check if the things were truly sold, lapsed or taken. This procedure causes them to realize how much things have been sold, how much stock is left and furthermore decide if to make a request or not. Medisol likewise has an exceptional method of recognizing lapsed medications so they won’t be offered to clients, with this the medication counter collaborator readies a manual rundown of medications whose expiry date falls inside a specific year consequently at regular intervals this rundown is checked for drugs which have their expiry dates nearer or effectively terminated. Those practically going to terminate are sold quicker while those effectively lapsed are cleared from the racks and disposed of. In today’s world it is difficult to contend in the activity advertise without a working information on IT. It is consequently basic that Medisol Pharmaceutical Company Limited actualize and put into great stock control the executives framework that can track, report and recharge stock. This will at that point improve exactness and upgrade security and effectiveness along these lines helping the resale office decline stock blunders. This arrangement is planned to assist the office with managing all exchanges of got stocks, value, amount and receipt. Security of this framework will be upgraded, making it outlandish for things to be lost or taken. The advantages of the automated stock control framework to Medisol Pharmaceutical Company ltd. is to settle on stock choices that limit the complete expense of stock, which is particularly not quite the same as limiting stock. It is frequently progressively costly to come up short on a thing (and in this manner be compelled to get it through increasingly costly channels) than just to keep more units in stock. A few models have been proposed in the writing for limiting the all out expense of stock using a financial request amount, which endeavors to adjust the conveying expenses of stock with the expense of coming up short on a thing. Most drug store stock choices include replenishmentâ€how a lot to arrange, when to choose to arrange, and when to put in the request.

Out, Damned (Gravy) Spot! Richmond Writing

Out, Damned (Gravy) Spot! Richmond Writing Image courtesy of Make your Own Bar-B-Q Sign Imagine an orator making a speech after a formal dinner, and imagine the speaker doing so very well. In the end, however, a large segment of the audience never recalls the content because of the large gravy spot on the speakers tie or blouse. The speaker lost the audience. So what are the sorts of small errors that make otherwise sympathetic readers stop reading? A general list may be nigh impossible, but I will take a stab at what most perturbs academic readers of student prose. In doing so, I wont focus on the fatal flaws of novice writing: sweeping generalizations, sentence fragments, lack of support for claims. Confused words. One does not hear the difference, in speech, between the homonyms here and hear, but in writing, such gaffs make the writer look unprofessional, if not ignorant. See our Centers list of Commonly Confused Words. Overstatement. One study or source does not conclusive proof make, even if it is a valid source or study. Academics expect an abundance of supporting evidence, including admissions as to where more study may be needed or the limitations of a source. One might write the 2011 study only considered effects on male college students at private universities as a way to present such data. Names.  Student writers often use both first and last names for sources. It may be appropriate to cite a full name on first reference or for clarity when, say, two Smiths have been cited. But in most cases, in-text sources need only a last-name reference. A graver (gravier?) spot is to misspell the name of a source. I once had a reader of an article stop on page one when I did this, back in grad school. He said after that I did not trust your prose any longer. Ouch. Format errors. APA, MLA, Chicago, and similar are not systems of fiendish torture. Writers use them to get work into a format needed for a particular journal or conference proceeding. I frequently see errors with a misplaced parenthesis, italics and double quotations both used for titles of sources, and the like. A first cousin of this problem can be adding blank lines between paragraphs, odd indents, and other mechanical gaffs. When in doubtask the prof! These spots come to mind right away. Got more? Let me know in the comments section.

Marriage in Middlemarch The Becoming Effect of Gaining Outward Perspective - Literature Essay Samples

George Eliot writes that a marriage is either a gradual conquest or irremediable loss of union (Eliot 832). In other words, marriage is a joint venture that has the goal of eventually culminating into the union of two separate persons. In Middlemarch, the gradual advancement towards union can be seen in the marriage of Mary Garth and Fred Vincy that only occurs when Mary forces Fred to become sufficiently developed as a person and chose a career that suits him. If either participant refuses to add to the functioning of the marriage, the marriage will become one of mutual enmity such as that of Lydgate and Rosamond Vincy. In this novel, a happy marriage can be said to encompass a perspective that is broad enough to know what another feels and a willingness to work together. The couples who are still together and happy at the end of the novel are the success stories, such as Fred Vincy and Mary Garth and Ladislaw and Dorothea-all of whom have matured enough to thoroughly know both t hemselves and their partners. Through the novels couples, Eliot shows that marriage is an endeavor requiring a perspective that is inclusive of ones partner and provides adequate knowledge of the self.To begin, Dorothea Brooke and Casaubon are a study in opposites as Dorothea loses grip of herself in order to more completely serve Casaubon while Casaubon acts with little regard to Dorotheas own desires. Dorotheas feelings for Casaubon are influenced by his supposed wisdom and her hopes that it will allow her to become more educated and have a higher purpose in life. She desires to be of constant usefulness to the weak and aging Casuabon by lending him her nineteen year old eyes for reading. But this preoccupation with Casaubons wishes lead Dorothea to make the unwise decision to completely lose herself with Casaubon. Instead of continuing to pursue her pet project of building more adequate housing for farm workers, Dorothea wishes to become merely Casaubons assistant. She in tu rn makes herself entirely dependent on him for her happiness and self-worth. When Casaubon chooses to exclude Dorothea, she is left with nothing to live for.After her marriage, Dorothea is frequently characterized as ruminating on her regrettable decision. She falls into a state of bewilderment and self-catechism asking herself, Is he worth living for? (426). Formerly, she had an individual drive to better the world through the construction of more suitable cottages. Dorothea needs the consent of a man to construct these cottages as men hold the money and the land. Ironically, if Dorothea had married Sir Chettam his willingness to cooperate with his partner may have made the cottage project a success. Casaubon is so adamant about his own pursuits that he neglects his union with Dorothea. Casaubon is buried in books (Eliot 447), and wishes to exclude Dorothea from his studies to the point where he neglects her on their honeymoon. Their marriage had a short courtship and thus a weak foundation for marriage. Eliot is disposed to think of short courtships as providing an unsteady foundation for the later marriage: A fellow mortal with whose nature you are acquainted with solely through the brief entrances and exits of a few imaginative weeks called courtship, may, when seen in the continuity of married companionship, be disclosed as something better or worse than what you have preconceived, but will certainly not appear altogether the same (Eliot 195). One needs time to learn the other before endeavoring to be united within them for a lifetime. The marriage of Casaubon and Dorothea is of course a failure. Instead of face to face mediation, their marriage is cemented through letters. Casaubon ruminates on how the acquisition of Dorothea, however prized, does not make him happy, his surprise that though he had won a lovely and noble-hearted girl he had not won delight (Eliot 85). Likewise, Dorothea is miserable and often ruminates on her unhappiness. Their meetings however short are strained because of their mutual displeasure. In their first attempt at conversation, the hostility is highly evident. Dorothea claims that Casaubon speaks to her as if [she] were something [he] had to contend with (Eliot 282). Despite that Dorothea addresses the animosity between them, Casaubons only reply is to ignore the obvious contention in his marriage in favor of again pursuing his own self-interests, saying that he has, neither the leisure nor energy for this kind of debate (Eliot 282). In this instance, this kind of debate would refer to Casaubon paying any mind to Dorotheas stature or personal needs within the union. The authors query of but why always Dorothea? Was her point of view the only possible one with regard to this marriage? may be answered by the fact that Casaubons silence on marital subjects means he is less proactive in attempting to gain insight into his wifes personality. The reader gets more of her perspective beca use her perspective is not stagnated and is less concentrated on herself alone. In the same way that Casaubon views Dorothy as an ornament, both Lydgate and Rosamond view each other as luxury items to acquire and not so much as people. Lydgate does not acknowledge that Rosamond is a person with personal whims. He views Rosamond as a plant, and by marrying her, he could give her a much-needed transplantation (Eliot 350). He takes it for granted that her only desire in life will be to facilitate her union with him. However, Rosamond is entirely concerned with how financial circumstances affect her and her alone. Lydgates lack of devotion to his own dreams leads him to eventually believe that he was a failure: he had not done what he meant to do (Eliot 835). Similarly, Rosamond views Lydgate not as a person but as more like an object. Rosamond wishes to meet and later marry Lydgate because he is a novelty she wishes to acquire, She was tired of the faces and figures she had alwa ys been use to the various irregular profiles and gaits and turns of phrase distinguishing those Middlemarch young men whom she had always known as boys (Eliot 97). Their refusal to view one another as anything but objects forecasts their eventual inhumane treatment of one another. Rosamond and Lydgates poor opinions of one another create an environment in which Lydgate ridicules Rosamond, and she withdraws from him. Though very savvy and persuasive, Rosamond never manages to gain respect from her husband. She purges her feelings of her own negligible existence within her marriage to Dorothea, claiming, Tertius is so angry and impatient if I say anything (Eliot 796). Rosamond becomes practiced at inwardly wrapping her soul in cold reserve against any attempts at what she perceives as criticism (Eliot 792). Rosamonds happiness deteriorates as she is not allowed to express herself without insult. Lydgate is also unable to express himself as others think, him enviable to have so charming a wife and he chooses to speak in superior terms to intentionally ridicule and perplex Rosamond (Eliot 835). Shortly before his death, Lydgate calls Rosamond, his basil plant, and when she asks for an explanation does not explain the references origin but only says it flourishes wonderfully on a murdered mans brains (Eliot 835). It is evident that Lydgate thinks of Rosamond as something that kills his intellectual advancement. Upon being remarried, Rosamond, often spoke of her happiness as a reward-she did not say for what, but probably she meant that it was a reward for her patience with Tertius (Eliot 835). Thus Lydgates lack of respect for Rosamond as a person causes her unhappiness.Through their insufficient courting and mutual resolution not to attempt to understand one another, Lydgate and Rosamond doom their marriage to perpetual unhappiness. Both refuse to re-analyze their situation and to attempt to find relate to one another. Lydgate does not view Rosamond as an intelligent creature and as this perspective is never adjusted she withdraws from him. Their failure to value one anothers strength leads to strife within the marriage. Lydgate and Rosamond fail to work together to solve the financial dilemma that causes a rift in their marriage. Their mutually negative views of each other cause Rosamond and Lydgate to become progressively unhappy. Unlike the marriage of Rosamond and Lydgate, Dorothea and Ladislaws marriage is based on a lengthy, well-developed courtship that has many trials. Their first meeting is one of complete misunderstanding of the meaning of each others speech. Dorothea meets Ladislaw whilst he is painting and comments that paintings are like a Greek sentencewhich means nothing to me (Eliot 79). Upon hearing this statement, the infrequently wise Mr. Brooke exclaims, Bless me, now, how different people are! (Eliot 80). Mr. Brooke, having lived with his niece for several years, knows that this is a simple comment on Dorotheas self. But her statement on her ignorance of art is taken by Ladislaw as a covert judgment and was certain that she thought his sketch detestable (Eliot 80). At present both Ladislaw and Dorothea have an infantile perspective of the world, discerning all events and others thoughts as strictly relating to themselves. They are married after a suitably long period of acquaintance and after both parties have been given adequate time to weigh the consequences of their relationship.An important part of what makes the marriage of Dorothea and Ladislaw contented is that Dorothea is allowed to broaden her perspective before marrying Ladislaw. She has always desired to do well for the world but she changes charitable causes from the ostentatious construction of cottages to becoming an unknown benefactor of the New Hospital. For Dorothea, at least, charity is something one does to make ones self feel good, not so much for the sake of others. She first dwells on a portrait and then looks out of windows realizing the life that exists outside her self. After surprising Ladislaw and Rosamond, Dorothea has a night of woe but then, began to live through yesterday morning deliberately again, forcing herself to dwell on every detail and its possible meaning (Eliot 787). Dorothea is becoming a better reader of people and taking into account their perspectives, asking herself, Was she alone in that scene? Was it her event only? (Eliot 787). Empirically, of course, the answer is no, she is not alone and this self-remonstration is evidence of Dorothea overcoming her former view that it was her world. She now acknowledges the desires of others and that events affect all involved. Her newly adjusted perspective allows Dorothea to acknowledge Ladislaws own motives and relationships outside of the connection they have. Dorothea and Ladislaw have a more successful marriage than others due to their coordinated efforts and acceptance of each others self prior to the marriage itself. Dorotheas wish to aid humanity fails not because of Ladislaws hindering her, but rather because of the construction of patriarchal authority and Casaubons will which makes her choose between love and the funds to grant charitable wishes. While it is true that there was always something better which she might have done, her inefficiency to complete her dreams is not due to self-neglect but rather a product of this period which restricted women from endeavoring to have both a home life and dreams (Eliot 835). Ladislaw is concerned about Dorotheas possible regret of their union. Ladislaw allows Dorothea to be self-oriented and has concerns of his own such as his writing. They both willingly lose status and wealth to move to a house in London. Their devotion to one another is unquestionable. Dorothea gives up the money and the becoming effect of outward propriety and assent of public opinion. Will Ladislaw makes public proclamations of his love for her, such a s No other woman exists by the side of her, a sentiment that the by nature inwardly focused Dorothea (Eliot 778). He proves his love by depriving himself of his hometown for sake of her happiness and fulfillment of her own wants. A like capacity for willful deprivation is seen in the marriage of the Bulstrodes, a couple whose relationship is not chronicled but that demonstrates an uncanny ability to perceive and empathize with others. Both Bulstrodes appear to be consummate interpreters of public opinion and the effect of external forces. At the town meeting subsequent to Mr. Raffles death, Bulstrode since the first mention of his name, had been going through a crisis of feeling proof that he is highly aware of that he is in low estimate by others in the room (Eliot 726). Mrs. Bulstrode is not foretold of the negative opinion her husband now holds in the community and characterized as an imperfectly taught woman; she learns of it by communicating with Mrs. Hackbutt (Eliot 749). T hough her husband is marked by scandal and public opinion means to ostracize him, Mrs. Bulstode stands by him, uttering the simple words, Look up, Nicholas, to him when he is in the deepest trenches of despair. The scandal is too ugly for Mr. Bulstrode or Mrs. Bulstrode and both shrank from the words which would have expressed their mutual conscienceness but through a well-developed understanding of one another they communicate and sympathize with one another.A similar knowledge of both the self and of ones marriage partner is what makes the marriage of Mary and Fred different. Mary has worked to develop a distinct self-knowledge. Through self-examination, Mary has come to important conclusions on what is suitable for her, such as when she acknowledges she would not make a good school master. Mary Garth works to maintain her personal happiness before her wedding. When faced with burning Featherstones will, Mary acts out of self-preservation and her belief in what is proper. She acts righteously despite the promise of more than enough wealth to settle her familys debt brought on by Fred. Marys strength and knowledge of both herself and Fred create the circumstances that allow them to have a happy marriage. She refuses to marry Fred until he has an occupation which suits him, because she realizes that pursuing the wrong career endangers not only his happiness but her own. Instead of giving way to despair, Freds respect for Mary inspires him to work harder. He finds a new sense of self and takes more pride in who he is. His newly developed faith in himself and enables Fred to stand up to his father and conventional thought, decreeing that, I think I can be quite as much of a gentleman at the work I have undertaken, as if I had been a curate (Eliot 568). Fred, though ignorant of the idea that Farebrother may admire Mary, recognizes the value of using him to address Mary on a subject that he is too timid to speak to her about. Mary, despite Fred being con sidered by most to be screw-up, does not ridicule her partner to submission, but develops the tactic of recognizing the forces outside her and her husband which they must both contend with together. Instead of finding fault in her husband, Mary blames forces outside of him, for example when Fred purchases a bad horse it was of course the fault of the horse, not of Freds judgment (Eliot 833). By not blaming Fred, as Lydgate blames Rosamond for her imperfections, it frees her to love him and him to receive love, not shame. By means of Marys guidance, Fred obtains a vocation and a girl that makes him happy. The marriage of Fred Vincy and Mary Garth is the antithesis of the unhappy marriages of the Lydgates and Casaubons. Their marriage is the exemplar of good. They are described as having, achieved a solid mutual happiness (Eliot 832). Their long courtship spans almost their entire lives. They have a thorough knowledge of one another. They both have some pursuit to occupy themse lves. Both take up writing. Unlike the normative proscribed roles of masculinity and femininity, it is remarked by the townspeople of Middlemarch that in their home both can be and write however they wish, hence the controversy over the authorial rights to Freds Cultivation of Green Crops and the Economy of Cattle-Feeding and Marys supposed childrens book, Stories of Great Men, taken from Plutarch (Eliot 832). The freedom from typically proscribed gender roles within the marriage is a hard test. Breaking from traditional roles could mean ostracism from the rest of the town, but Mary and Fred are so accepting of one another that they have seemingly allowed one another the praise for the others work.The author of Middlemarch smartly advocates that acknowledgement of external forces is pertinent to the happiness of ones self. Eliot proclaims that a human being needs to take notice that every person is subject to external forces and other people, writing that there is no creature wh ose inward being is so strong that it is not greatly determined by what lies outside it (Eliot 838). The notion that the partners in a marriage should respect one another is a distinctly feminist viewpoint. Middlemarch, though subtle in its proclamations, does contend that the female perspective should be addressed and that society is faulty in its exclusion of females, Society never made the preposterous demand that a man should think as much about his own qualifications for making a charming girl happy as he thinks of hers for making himself happy (Eliot 279). The personal pursuits and career efforts of Middlemarchs citizens must be obtained in order for a person to be happy in his or her marriage. An effort at cooperation and acknowledgement of the other member in the union must be made for a marriage to be a happy one. Eliot, George. Middlemarch. Penguin Group. New York. 1994.

The Port Chicago Disaster - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 1990 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/09/12 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? The Port Chicago Disaster On the 24 of July 1944, a memorandum was written from Captain W. S. Parsons, USN to Rear Admiral W. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Port Chicago Disaster" essay for you Create order R. Purnell, USN. It was a report on the most destructive explosion on United States soil at that time. It was known as the Port Chicago Explosion. Captain Parsons worked in the Bureau of Ordnance as their Liaison Officer. So he was a prime candidate for the job. Rear Admiral Purnell was the head of the Military Policy Committee. This memorandum was not intended to incarcerate people, determine its cause, nor report defects in the design of munitions depots. Its sole purpose was to collect data from the damage done and to find the exact time when the explosion happened. Captain Parsons determined the exact time based on seismic activity. He determined the time of detonation occurred at approximately between 2218-2244 on the 17 of July, 1944. It was found that approximately 2000 tons of high explosion were present on the dock at the time of the explosion. He also determined that light damage extended approximately 1500 yards from the explosion. This was minor damage but significant none the less. From ground zero and out to approximately 1000 feet it was determined that there was total destruction. However, at 1000 feet there were 3 civilians that remained alive; these were the closest survivors to the blast. This horrible disaster could have been prevented, only if certain factors were addressed accordingly. Within the confines of the munitions depot at port Chicago, there was racism. Akers states: The general classification test employed at this time placed the black ratings at Port Chicago ‘in the lowest twelfth of the Navy’. According to their superiors, these men were unreliable, emotional, lacked capacity to understand or remember orders or instructions, were particularly susceptible to mass psychology and moods, lacked mechanical aptitude, were suspicious of strange officers, disliked receiving orders of any kind, particularly from white officers or petty officers, and were inclined to look for and make an issue of discrimination. For the most part, they were quite young and of limited education. 1 Black men, no matter what they scored on their classification test were put into these laborious work parties. If they scored high enough and there were empty billets, they would be transferred to another duty station. Therefore, there was a lack of good leaders to be had. This is a prime example of discrimination. Another example of racism at this munitions depot is that: Negroes in the Navy don’t mind loading ammunition. They just want to know why they are the only ones doing the loading! They want to know why they are segregated; why they don’t get promoted. 2 This stated that the racism was severe and the moral of the black sailors was very low. When morale was low, they started to ask question and the quality of work that was produced was poor. This caused the black sailors to be careless in their work and more prone to accidents. In addition, white officers were put in charge of these loading parties and the black sailors did not like them. On top of that, the commanding officer, Captain Kinne, demanded a quota of ten tons per hatch per hour. These white officers deemed this goal, of the commanding officer, too high. But they had to fulfill it nonetheless or else their jobs were on the line. Allen stated, â€Å"†¦officers sometimes raced working divisions against each other to speed up loading. 3 This caused workers to work at an unsafe speed and often times a shell would drop to the deck. Allen also stated: As Carr [the wench maintenance personnel] looked on, one man lost his grip on a shell; it dropped two feet and hit the deck with a thud. 4 This showed that the rate at which they loaded ammunition onto the ships was unsafe. It made the possibility for a disaster very high. Still the Captain Kinne, the white offic ers had quotas to fill so they ignored these ominous signs and kept on pushing. Only if they could have slowed down the load rate, this disaster could have potentially been avoided. Another factor that could have prevented this disaster would be training. According to Julius J. Allen in his court martial trial he stated, â€Å"There was no training in ammunition handling. †5 These black junior sailors were not trained to handle high explosives, at the same time, the white officers were inadequately trained to supervise the loading process of high explosives. According to Freddie Meeks: When those bombs, slathered in grease, bounced down the plank, they’d bang into other bombs and everyone would pray to Almighty God. They made terrible sound. Sometimes, you thought they would explode. You’d almost have a heart attack to hear those bombs hitting together†¦ I’d ask the lieutenant about it and he’d say don’t worry. 6 The black sailors were weary of working with these explosives but were told by officers that the larger munitions were not active and could not explode and that they would be armed with their fuses upon arrival at the combat theater. Because of the inadequate training of the white officers, they disillusioned the black sailors. The black sailors would believe them because of their lack of training with explosives as well. Therefore, this made for carelessness in the handling of the high explosives because all personnel apart of the loading parties did not know that the shells had the potential to explode because the training was negligent. Another aspect is the equipment used for handling of the high explosives. Handling of these larger explosives such as bombs and shells involved breaking individual munitions out with levers and crowbars from boxcars. The shells were packed in tightly with packing material, and they were heavy cylindrical shapes. The black sailors would roll them along the wooden pier, packing them into nets, lifting them with a winch and boom, lowering the bundle into the hold, and then dropping the individual explosives a short distance by hand into place. This series of actions was rough enough that naval shells were sometimes damaged and began leaking identification dye from their ballistic caps. This should have been a major warning that an explosion was imminent. These black sailors were given crude equipment for the handling of high explosives. Therefore, the explosives were more prone to damage because of the kind of crude equipment they were using. In addition, the powered winches used on cargo ships were used to speed up the handling of heavy loads. One winch was operated at each of the ships five cargo holds. During loading operations, the winches were worked hard, requiring steady maintenance in order to remain operable. Winch brakes, a safety feature provided for stopping the load from falling if the winchs main power was lost, were not often used by a skilled winch operator as the load could be more quickly maneuvered using various power settings than by application of the brakes. Disused brakes sometimes seized up and stopped working. Additionally, the winches on the SS E. A. Bryan were steam-powered and showed signs of wear, even though the ship was only five months old. Equipment could have been a factor, but also the lack personal protective equipment was another factor. In many cases there was no personal protective equipment provided by the munitions depot. In an interview with Carl Tuggle, he stated that: If you wanted to wear gloves, you purchased them. That was the only way you had gloves to wear and to use while you were working. At night we were provided clothing to keep us from the elements on the dock at night because it was cold, but otherwise we supplied everything else ourselves. 7 Since the black sailors often were not promoted they remained stagnant with the position of junior sailor. Therefore, they would not make a lot of money and not have money to buy proper personal protective equipment. This made the work parties more prone to accidents. It was so dangerous that even Commander Paul B. Cronk, head of a Coast Guard explosives-loading detail tasked with supervision of the working dock, warned the Navy that conditions were unsafe and ripe for disaster. The Navy refused to change its procedures and Cronk withdrew the detail. The Navy still put a blind eye to the munitions depot at Port Chicago therefore the disaster was waiting to happen. This may have been the most destructive explosion, but it was almost expected as Captain Parsons reported, â€Å"†¦Port Chicago was designed for large explosions. †8 He stated that the munitions depot designed at Port Chicago was designed for large explosions and because of the design; there was a very minimal loss of life outside of the munitions depot. Nonetheless, it was eventually determined that 320 of the men on duty at the pier died instantly, and 390 civilians and military personnel were injured, many seriously. Surprisingly, this was a major loss for the black sailor community in which, â€Å"†¦roughly 15 percent of all the black casualties in the US Navy during the entire war. †9 Shortly after the disaster, Port Chicago assigned white sailors to work alongside black sailors loading ammunition. This was the first step towards desegregation. To fix the lack of training, the Navy instituted new training and safety procedures for the handling of high explosives. If and only if the Navy listened to the Coast Guard Explosives-Loading detail supervising the loading of the explosives, the Port Chicago explosion would have never happened and this memorandum would have never been written. Notes 1. Regina T. Akers, â€Å"The Port Chicago Mutiny, 1944,† in Naval Mutinies of the Twentieth Century: An International Perspective, ed. Christopher M. Bell and Bruce A. Elleman (London: Frank Cass, 2003), 200. 2. Robert L. Allen, â€Å"Final Outcome? Fifty Years after the Port Chicago Mutiny,† American Visions 9 (1994). https://search. ebscohost. com. , 17 (30 November 2009). 3. Robert L. Allen, â€Å"Black Scholar Research Leads to Navy Review: Injustice upheld in Port Chicago Mutiny Trial,† Black Scholar 24 (1994). https://search. ebscohost. com. , 56 (30 November 2009). 4. Robert L. Allen, The Port Chicago Mutiny (New York: Amistad, 1993), 27. 5. Case of: Julius J. Allen, Seaman second class, U. S. Naval Reserve, Vol. 1 Courts Martial Records Relating to the Port Chicago Mutiny 120 (General Court Martial September 16, 1944). 6. John Boudreau, â€Å"Blown Away, Fifty Years Ago Today, Segregation in the Military Ended With a Bang and a Whimper,† Washington Post (Washington D. C. ) 17 July 1994, sec. F4. 7. Carl Tuggle, QA with Carl Tuggle, one of the sailors serving at Port Chicago in 1944, interview, The Port Chicago Mutiny, under Did you wear gloves , https://portchicagomutiny. com/personnel/tuggle. html (accessed November 30, 2009). 8. William S. Parsons, â€Å"Memorandum on Port Chicago Disaster, Preliminary Data,† 24 July 1944, Box 671, World War II Command File, Operational Archives Branch, Naval Historical Center, Washington, DC. 9. Bell and Elleman, 202. Bibliography Akers, Regina T. â€Å"The Port Chicago Mutiny, 1944. † In Naval Mutinies of the Twentieth Century: An International Perspective, edited by Christopher M. Bell and Bruce A. Elleman, 193-211. London: Frank Cass, 2003. Allen, Robert L. â€Å"Black Scholar Research Leads to Navy Review: Injustice upheld in Port Chicago Mutiny Trial. † Black Scholar 24 (1994). https://search. ebscohost. com. , 56-59. (30 November 2009). Allen, Robert L. â€Å"Final Outcome? Fifty Years after the Port Chicago Mutiny. † American Visions 9 (1994). https://search. ebscohost. com. , 14-17. (30 November 2009). Allen, Robert L. The Port Chicago Mutiny. New York: Amistad, 1993. Boudreau, John â€Å"Blown Away, Fifty Years Ago Today, Segregation in the Military Ended With a Bang and a Whimper,† Washington Post (Washington D. C. ), 17 July 1994, sec. F4. Case of: Julius J. Allen, Seaman second class, U. S. Naval Reserve. Vol. 1 Courts Martial Records Relating to the Port Chicago Mutiny (General Court Martial September 16, 1944). Parsons, William S. â€Å"Memorandum on Port Chicago Disaster, Preliminary Data,† 24 July 1944, Box 671, World War II Command File, Operational Archives Branch, Naval Historical Center, Washington, DC. Tuggle, Carl. QA with Carl Tuggle, one of the sailors serving at Port Chicago in 1944. Interview. The Port Chicago Mutiny. https://portchicagomutiny. com/personnel/tuggle. html (accessed November 30, 2009).